In a method of detecting a defect of the pattern in a semiconductor device, the pattern to be inspected is formed on a substrate, and then a thin film is continuously formed on the pattern, the defect of the pattern and the substrate to accurately detect the defect. The thin film has a reflectivity substantially greater than that of the pattern. The defect of the pattern is detected by inspecting ...

Presegmentation or prior, pre-existing segmentation of an object obtained through other means will be presented for interactive editing of a segmented object in an image or volume. Prior segmentation will be seamlessly combined with graph cuts or the random walker methods. Editing of the presegmentation is possible, while maintaining the important property of both methods that an arbitrary segment...

A method is disclosed for determining at least one contour in at least one image represented by a pixel array, a certain pixel value which represents a color hue or gray level being assigned to each pixel of the pixel array. The method includes stipulation of at least two contour reference points, wherein each contour reference point corresponds to a pixel of the pixel array, and mapping of the pi...

For binarizing an image, which is composed of pixels, the image is split into two semi-images. Local parameters are initialized based on values of pixels that lie in an area adjacent to a boundary separating the semi-images. A binarization is then performed separately for each of the semi-images using an adaptive threshold, wherein the adaptive threshold is calculated for each of the semi-images p...

A method for enhancing the quality of a digital image by using a single user-defined parameter. A virtual image is created based on the single user-defined parameter and the original digital image. An adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm operates on a logarithmically compressed version of the virtual image to produce adaptive contrast values for each pixel in the virtual image. A dynamic range ...

The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising VEGF or variants thereof for promoting bone formation, in vitro and in vivo. Methods of using those compositions are also provided. Compositions and methods of the present invention can be used for promoting and improving the repair process in subjects with bone defects.

In a method of forming an as-grown active p-type III-V nitride compound layer, a substrate is introduced and heated in a reaction chamber. N₂ carrier gas and reactive compounds including a source compound of a group III element, a nitrogen source compound, and a p-type impurity are fed in the reaction chamber. A chemical reaction occurs to form an as-grown active p-type III-V nitride co...

A controller of a handy terminal such as a cellular phone determines whether a headphone is connected or not when discriminating that reproduction output of sound data ends. With the headphone connected, the controller stores an end time in a time memory. When reproduction output of sound data is necessary, the controller determines whether or not a predetermined time has passed after the stored e...

An aerosol dispensing container or pressurized vessel such as a metallic spray can at least contains a non-flammable aerosol propellant and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricant mixture (propellant/lubricant mixture). The propellant/lubricant mixture has been formulated such that is non-migrating, i.e., stays where it is applied rather than spreading into surrounding areas. The propellant/lub...

The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) a hydrocarbon fluid; and (b) a dispersant/detergent comprising the structure of Formula (1): (E)_p-Z Formula (1), wherein Z is a residue of a polyamine or polyimine; E is (i) a residue of a polyester having a free carboxylic acid group, or (ii) a residue of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, with the proviso that if E i...

Polymerizable dental material which contains at least one radically-polymerizable monomer and at least one bisacylphosphine oxide of the Formula I, in which R¹ is a linear or branched C₂ to C₁₄ alkyl residue, which can be interrupted by one or more O atoms, PG-Y-R²-X- or a substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic C₆ to C₁₄ radical; R<...

An apparatus and method for deciding a traveling direction of a navigation system is provided. The apparatus includes: an input unit for receiving longitude and latitude coordinates, a kind of a road, and number of lanes; a traveling direction processor for, when it is determined using the point information received through the input unit that a current road where a self vehicle exists and a front...

An interactive software application provides workflow assistance related to the proper performance of work steps in the workflow. The workflow assistance may include step by step instructions detailing the proper operation of the user interface to complete the current work step. Additionally, the workflow assistance may include a virtual simulation demonstrating the proper operation of the user in...

A system and method are disclosed for managing a plurality of connected devices from a controlling computer. The method can include connecting a controlling computer to a routing unit wherein the routing unit has connections to a plurality of devices. The method can further include selecting one or more connected devices, the one or more selected devices being fewer in number than the connected de...

A method and device for treating a central vacuum system is provided for cleaning, deodorizing, disinfecting, adding fragrance and/or removing static electricity from the tubing network of the vacuum system. The treatment device is a cloth or other object that has been treated with a treating agent. The method includes the steps of placing the treatment device into an inlet of one of the tubes, an...

A cement composition for which the mechanical properties of the set cement can be controlled independently of the slurry density, both at high density (>16 ppg) and at low density (<12 ppg) comprises a trimodal blend of particulate materials present as fine, medium and coarse particule size fractions, the particulate materials including cement, flexible particles, and a filler, characterized in th...

The invention relates to a process for the granulation of sludge- and optionally dust-form material, in which the material to be granulated is mixed with hydratable or hydraulically settable solids and water, which solids react exothermically with water and act as binder in the mixture, where the solids are allowed to hydrate or set fully or partly, and where the mixture containing the fully or pa...

It is an object of the present invention to obtain an image which is focused on all portions of a sample and to provide a charged particle beam apparatus capable of obtaining a two-dimensional image which has no blurred part over an entire sample. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises means for changing a focus condition of a charged particle beam emitted from a cha...

An electron beam apparatus equipped with a review function of a semiconductor wafer includes a scanning electron microscope to obtain image information of a semiconductor wafer, and an information processing apparatus to process the image information. The information processing apparatus includes a data input unit to receive positional information of a defect on the wafer, a storage for storing a ...

In accordance with the present invention, modular corona shields are employed in a HTS device to reduce the electric field surrounding the HTS device. In a exemplary embodiment a fault current limiter module in the insulation region of a cryogenic cooling system has at least one fault current limiter set which employs a first corona shield disposed along the top portion of the fault current limite...