Provided is a method of forming a via hole using a laser beam. The method includes forming a first hole in the first metal layer by irradiating a laser beam having a predetermined frequency; reducing an energy density of the laser beam having the same frequency; and forming a second hole corresponding to the first hole in the dielectric layer by irradiating the laser beam having the same frequency...

A method and system for statistics-based individualized advertising over a network (215) in which an advertiser provides to a content distributor (220) one or more constraints (210-2) defining the characteristics of desired target users and the'manner by which the advertising is to be delivered. The content distributor determines an estimated price (230-1) based on statistics computed based on tar...

The present invention relates to subterranean well cementing operations, and more particularly, to cement compositions that include high aspect ratio materials, and methods for using such cement compositions in subterranean formations. An example of a method of the present invention is a method of cementing in a subterranean formation. An example of a composition of the present invention is a ceme...

The present invention pertains to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a botulinum neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum, the neurotoxin being free of the complexing proteins naturally present in the botulinum neurotoxin complex or being chemically modified or being modified by genetic manipulation. Moreover the pharmaceutical compositions of the instant invention have good stability and are...

System for layering content for scheduled delivery in a data network. A methodis provided for transmitting content to one or more receiving terminals froma distribution server in a data network. The method includes encoding the contentinto a base layer and one or more enhancement layers, and transmitting the baselayer to the one or more receiving terminals. The method also includes receivinga requ...

A content transmission device for transmitting content, whose copying is controlled, includes an authentication section for performing an authentication procedure between the content transmission device and a content receiving device, a first copy-control-information processing section for processing first copy control information describing copy control information concerning the content, a secon...

Methods are provided for transmitting and navigating interlinked data using an interactive programming system. Pages of interlinked data are encoded at a network node, and data navigation information is generated for each page of the interlinked data. This data is then stored at the node. A user at a subscriber location, connected to the node by a television signal distribution network, is able to...

An apparatus and method for unwinding yarns with: (1) a drive roll with a polished metal finish to ensure good fiber/metal contact; (2) a drive roll/separator roll combination that enables multiple wraps of yarn on the drive roll; (3) pivoting yarn holding arms for the active and standby packages that provide for easier access to the packages on a frame; and (4) in combination with the pivoting ya...

A surface coated cutting tool having, on a surface of a substrate, a hard coating layer including at least an aluminium oxide layer, the surface having a rake face on a main face thereof and a flank on a side face thereof, wherein, when a value calculated by the following equation (I) is a texture coefficient TC of the (HKL) plane of the aluminium oxide layer, a ratio of a texture coefficient TC R...

This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for controlling and optimizing the feed of two or more oxidizers to an aqueous stream, thereby providing a synergistic effect. The combined use of amperometric or ORP based sensor technology with amperometric sensor technology employing a gas permeable membrane provides definitive control of each oxidizer feed stream.; El presente invento provee...

Synergistic microbicidal compositions containing N-(n-butyl)-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or N-methyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.; Se describen composiciones microbiocidas que contienen N-(n-butil)-1,2-bencisotiazolin-3-ona o N-metil-1,2-bencisotiazolin-3-ona.

Synergistic microbicidal compositions containing N-(n-butyl)-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or N-methyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.

A flexible material processing rotation tool that executes processing against a target material composed of flexible material, and which is characterized by forming or more cutting blade protrusions on the surface of the substrate so that they project upward, formation of an inclined surface on the surface of cutting blade protrusion and formation of cutting blade ridge at the section that project...

The invention provides a method for accessing information on an article with a tag attached thereon, the method making it possible to prevent information on article worn by an individual from being grasped with a tag reader installed in a public space, without sacrificing traceability and without involving much increase in cost, a local server, an ONS proxy, a program, a tag creation method, a tag...

On a write-once-type recording medium 10, there are provided: a definite defect management area 13 to definitely record therein defect management information; and a plurality of temporary defect management areas 14A, 148, and 14C to temporarily record therein the defect management information. If the recording medium 10 is not yet finalized, every time the defect management information is updated,...

A programmable gain low noise amplifier includes a tail current transistor (Q 3 ) having a source coupled to a first reference voltage (VDD) and a drain coupled to a tail current conductor ( 18 ) and, in a differential input embodiment, a plurality of pairs (Q 4,5 , Q 7,8, Q 10,11 , Q 13,14 ) of differentially coupled input transistors. Each pair includes a first input transistor having a gate cou...

A method of sputter depositing silver selenide and controlling the stoichiometry and nodular defect formations of a sputter deposited silver-selenide film. The method includes depositing silver-selenide using a sputter deposition process at a pressure of about 0.3 mTorr to about 10 mTorr. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an RF sputter deposition process may be used preferably at pre...

The present invention provides a building to be constructed without any troublesome work. The building is a building comprising a construction material 12, which has a plane heat insulation material 14 in which a madreporic core material is enclosed in a vacuum and a plate structural face material 12a, and whose heat insulation material 14 and structural face material 12a are combined in a way th...

Disclosed is an exhaust system for discharging a fluid which is supplied into a hermetically closed container 54 for containing a semiconductor wafer W, a substrate to be supplied in the container 54 and subjected to a process. The exhaust system comprises an outer exhaust pipe 71 which is connected to the hermetically closed container via an exhaust connecting pipe 68 and has closed top and botto...