Transmission patterns for pilot symbols transmitted from a mobile station or base station are provided. The patterns may be selected according to a location of the mobile station with respect to one or more antennas are provided. In some aspects, the pattern may be selected based upon the distance between the mobile station and the one or more antennas. In other aspect, the pattern may be based up...

Utilization of resources used to provide a service, and/or costs associated with providing system resources for a service, are tracked in a system where the available resources vary depending on a variety of conditions including resource utilization by other users. The methods are well suited for systems such as mobile communications systems, where the amount of resources and/or costs to a system ...

Embodiments describe a system and/or method for multiple party digital signatures. According to a first aspect a method comprises establishing a first validity range for a first key, establishing a first validity range for at least a second key, and determining if the validity range of the first key overlaps the first validity range of the at least a second key. A certificate is signed with the fi...

In a multi-access communication system, a terminal is kept reachable through a first access network, which is most resource efficient one of the available access networks for keeping the terminal reachable. The terminal scans passively for the existence of usable base stations for other access networks of the system and reports data associated with such existences to the first access network. When...

Disclosed is a bi-directional battery power inverter (1) comprising a DC-DC converter circuit element (3) to which the battery (2) can be connected in order to generate an AC output voltage from a battery (2) voltage in a discharging mode while charging the battery (2) in a charging mode. The inverter (1) further comprises an HF transformer which forms a resonant circuit along with a resonant capa...

The invention relates to an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer comprising at least one input channel (2) for the connection of an input fiber (6), several output channels (3a-d) for the connection of output fibers (7a-d) and a beam divider unit (1) for dividing an incident optical beam on the input channel (2) onto output channels (3a-d) according to wavelength. An input lens system (4) is arra...

A method of selective dormant data session reactivation in a radio access network includes calculating an activation rate threshold as a function of a first plurality of packets received over a first time interval, where the first plurality of packets are coupled to reactivate at least one dormant mobile station. The second plurality of packets received in a second time interval are buffered, wher...

A system for measuring the height of bin content includes a transmitter for transmitting an acoustic pulse towards the upper surface of the content, a non-collinear receiver array for receiving an echo of the pulse and producing signals in response to the echo, and a processing apparatus for computing one or more directions of arrival of the signals from the upper surface to the array along with c...

A process for producing a graphite article having a CTE of less than about 2.0 ppm/° C. over the temperature range of from 30° C. to 100° C. and an isotropy ratio of less than about 1.5 also advantageously having a thermal shock resistance parameter of greater than about 150x103 W/m in both the with-grain and against-grain directions, and the graphite so produced.

Propane and/or butanes are separated from a hydrocarbon feedstock contaminated with alkyl mercaptans by fractional distillation at such a pressure that the separated overheads stream containing said propane and/or butanes is at a temperature in the range 50 to 100° C. Sufficient oxygen is introduced into the hydrocarbon feedstock to oxidise the mercaptans therein and the resultant mixture is subje...

Improved plant growth is realized especially with turf grasses by using an enhanced plant growth medium prepared by adding a bioefficacious amount of C₁-C₄ alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer that, serendipitously reduces the water repellency of the medium.

In a vehicle equipped with a power steering device for assisting the steering of the steered wheels by the steering wheel, when the steering angle of the steered wheels reaches the maximum steering angle, a steering control device restricts a target steering angle for operating the power steering device so that the steering angle or a reaction force acting against the power steering device does no...

The present invention provides a laminate film for coating metal sheet for screen board comprising: a layer of which elastic modulus at 180° C.~200° C. is 1.0x107 Pa or less and elastic modulus at 120° C.~160° C. is 1.0x108 Pa or more, and a layer consisting of a fluorine resin thereon. The laminate film for coating metal sheet for screen board has excellent writing-and-drawing property, erasabili...

A variable resistor element comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a variable resistor positioned between the first and second electrodes, and changing in electric resistance when a voltage pulse is applied between the both electrodes, has posed problems that it has a restriction of having to use noble metal electrodes as an electrode material and is not compatible with a convention...

An end closure member ( 1 ) with a feed-through ( 5 ) having a feed-through entry opening ( 8 ) and a feed-through exit opening ( 9 ) and connection means ( 10 ) for forming a gas-tight connection between the end closure member ( 1 ) and the feed-through ( 5 ), the feed-through entry opening ( 8 ) cross-section being larger than the feed-through exit opening ( 9 ), and the connection means ( 10 ) ...

An object of this invention is to make it possible to suppress early-stage oxidation of a substrate surface prior to oxidation processing, and to remove a natural oxidation film. For this reason, a method is provided comprising the steps of loading a substrate into a processing chamber, supplying a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas into the processing chamber, and subjecting a s...

To achieve an information output device in which information of a medium disposed on a stage surface can be surely and efficiently read out, and a stage effect and a security are high. In the information output device, media are disposed on a stage surface in a state where the media are opposite to the stage surface, the media where dot patterns are printed on medium surfaces on the basis of a pre...

The treatment of an ophthalmic glass, with two principal surfaces of which at least one incorporates an external organic or mineral layer coated with a temporary protective layer of MgF2, comprises: - (a) chemical treatment by a liquid of the temporary protective layer, leading to the formation of a layer of MgO on the temporary protective layer; - (b) deposition of at least one metal oxide and/or...

An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which is excellent in cleaning performance, has improved durability, and suppresses image defects in various environments. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support. Depressed portions independent of one another are formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosen...