A prism sheet ( 42 ) includes a lower surface ( 422 ), an upper surface ( 424 ) opposite to the lower surface, and a refractive-diffractive hybrid lens array ( 426 ) formed on the upper surface. The refractive-diffractive hybrid lens array has a plurality of refractive-diffractive hybrid lenses ( 428 ). The refractive-diffractive hybrid lenses can reduce or even avoid chromatic aberration along ax...

A flat panel display comprising a liquid crystal module, a backlight module, and a transition film is disclosed. The backlight module provides light to the liquid crystal module, and the transition film is disposed above the liquid crystal module. The transition film comprises a material capable of filtering light of specific wavelengths. The material can be organic dye material phthal-ocyanine Co...

A backlight module (200) includes a fame (55) having a plurality of side walls (551, 552, 553, 554); a light guide plate (53) received in the frame, having a light incident surface (533); at least one spring element (5523), having a spring finger (5525) and a connecting arm (5524) connecting the spring finger and one side wall of the frame; and at least one radiation element (56) disposed between ...

A reflector plate for a backlight module comprises a main reflecting part, two inclined reflecting parts, and two side reflecting parts, where the inclined reflecting parts extend outwardly and slantwise from main reflecting part towards the light emitting direction and the side reflecting parts extend from the sides of the inclined reflecting parts towards the light emitting direction. Since an i...

To perform gap definition between respective transparent substrates with increased accuracy and reliability. Adhesion of a specified one of substrates as disposed to oppose each other with a layer of liquid crystal material interposed therebetween to the remaining one of the substrates is made by a sealing material which also has liquid crystal sealing functionality while causing more than one pro...

A liquid crystal display has spacers for maintaining a liquid crystal layer and a cell gap between a substrate and an opposite substrate and also has regions either within a single pixel or over two or more pixels. The spacers are of columnar shape elongated from the substrate to the opposite substrate or the other way round, and the columnar spacers are provided in regions in which the liquid cry...

To suppress occurrence of low temperature bubbles while securing pressure resistance to external forces applied to substrates of a liquid crystal display device, a plurality of spacers disposed between the substrates are divided into a plurality of spacer groups 2, one unit of which is configured with spacers 2a, 2b allocated in close proximity to each other; and the spacer groups 2 are disposed w...

An array substrate capable for a liquid crystal display (LCD). A pixel electrode is disposed in a pixel region of a substrate, which comprises at least one slit. A storage capacitor is disposed between the substrate and the pixel electrode, which comprises a bottom electrode, a capacitor dielectric layer, and a top electrode. The bottom electrode is disposed in the pixel region, creating an overla...

A liquid crystal display device comprises a base substrate including a display region, and a drive circuitry region provided in a surrounding region of the display region, a liquid crystal layer, and a counter substrate facing the base substrate via the liquid crystal layer. A pixel electrode and a pixel driving element for driving the pixel electrode are provided in the display region, a driving ...

A light source to emit light, an optical structure constituting an optical system to modulate or combine emission light of the light source, a projection element to project exit light of from the optical structure, a flow passage to flow a cooling fluid to cool the light source, and a housing structuring an exterior are provided. The flow passage has a connection flow passage connected to the ligh...

A projector assembly includes a projector casing and an auxiliary device. The projector casing is formed with a mating aperture, and has a first light source for emitting light beams defining an optical path of the projector assembly. The auxiliary device includes a mating part inserted detachably into the mating aperture in the projector casing, a second light source disposed in the mating part f...

The invention pertains to a lithographic apparatus including a radiation system configured to condition a beam of radiation; a projection system configured to project the beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate; a displacement device configured to move the moveable object relative to the projection system in substantially a first direction and a second direction differing from the f...

A radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising: (A) an acid-dissociable group-containing resin, insoluble or scarcely soluble in alkali but becoming soluble in alkali when the acid-dissociable group dissociates, and containing recurring units with specific structures and (B) a photoacid generator of the formula (3), wherein R<5> represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, m is 1...

A radiation sensitive resin composition which contains an alicyclic olefin resin obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a polymerizable monomer containing an alicyclic olefin monomer having carboxyl group using a ruthenium catalyst, followed by hydrogenation, an acid-generating agent, a crosslinking agent and a solvent; and a transparent resin pattern film formed on a substrate obtained by lam...

A resist composition is provided comprising a silicone resin, a photoacid generator, a nitrogen-containing organic compound, and a solvent. The silicone resin is obtained through cohydrolytic condensation of a mixture of three silane monomers containing an organic group having a hydroxyl group and having at least 3 fluorine atoms, in total, on a proximate carbon atom, an organic group having a car...

The present invention relates to a novel absorbing, photoimageable and aqueous developable positive-working antireflective coating composition comprising a photoacid generator and a polymer comprising at least one unit with an acid labile group and at least one unit with an absorbing chromophore. The invention further relates to a process for using such a composition. The present invention also re...

A lithographic apparatus is provided that has an aperture, a detector configured to detect an intensity of a radiation beam directed through the aperture and a processor configured to vary the intensity of the radiation beam through the aperture by a relative movement of the radiation beam and the aperture and to calculate a beam size of the radiation beam from the detected intensity and relative ...

In a lithographic apparatus, a localized area of the substrate surface under a projection system is immersed in liquid. The height of a liquid supply system above the surface of the substrate can be varied using actuators. A control system uses feedforward or feedback control with input of the surface height of the substrate to maintain the liquid supply system at a predetermined height above the ...

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat-treating apparatus that can heat and cool a substrate while the substrate is being conveyed, has high throughput, and can suppress irregularities when heating and cooling the substrate. Ž

SOLUTION: A post bake zone (POB) 56 that is an example of the heat-treating apparatus comprises a substrate conveyance mechanism 71 for conveying the substrate G horiz...