PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect an error at a low cost for the circuit that is necessary for execution of a single 8-bit error detection system by detecting the error of the subject data or the initial parity data. SOLUTION: The error of the subject data or the retrieved initial parity data which are stored in a memory storage 110 is detected by the comparison of the initial parity data which are ...

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate the maintenance and to allow the system to flexibly cope with fluctuation in traffic. SOLUTION: A wavelength band subject to wavelength division multiplex is divided into a plurality of wavelength bands (such as wavelength bands L, M, H and a wavelength band EX among trunk stations each having one wavelength or over. Each of optical distributers 18-1-18-6 to con...

A safety penetrating instrument for penetrating an anatomical cavity wall to gain access to an anatomical cavity includes a cannula, a penetrating member disposed in the cannula and movable relative to the cannula between a penetrating position where the tissue penetrating distal end of the penetrating member protrudes distally from the distal end of the cannula and a protected position where the ...

A novel class of compounds, known as peptide nucleic acids, bind complementary DNA and RNA strands more strongly than a corresponding DNA strand, and exhibit increased sequence specificity and solubility. The peptide nucleic acids comprise ligands selected from a group consisting of naturally-occurring nucleobases and non-naturally-occurring nucleobases attached to a polyamide backbone, and contai...

During the synthesis of oligonucleotides and phosphate linked oligomers, a carbocation scavenging agent is employed to increase the overall yield. The carbocation scavenging agent is used in conjunction with an acidic solution employed during the deprotection step.

A sulfated acid amide having heparin-like properties of the formula: (R1)-NH-R-NH-(R1) where R1 is a di-, tri- or tetra-saccharide acid selected from cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetrose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose or mixtures thereof, and R is an alkylene of from 3 to 12 carbons, and is optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyls.

The invention relates to a novel process for stereocontrolled preparation of 1',1'-disubstituted and 1'-spiro-nucleosides of the formula I (I) in which the substituents A, R8 and R9 are as defined in claim 1, and to novel intermediates and their use in this process and to processes for the preparation of the novel intermediates. The process is illustrated by the example of biologicall...

A memory circuit including at least one of flash memory calls organized into one or more physically separate decode blocks and a controller which monitors the disturb effect on each independently erasable "erase" block of cells of each decode block due to erasures of other erase blocks in the same decode block, and a method of operating such a circuit. Preferably, the controller controls memory op...

A semiconductor memory device includes memory cell array blocks and row spare cell groups provided for the memory cell array blocks adjacent to each other and each of the row spare cell groups having a plurality of spare cells for relieving defective memory cells in the adjacent memory cell array blocks. The row spare cell groups are shared by the plurality of adjacent memory cell array blocks, he...

A ROM repair circuit comprising a ROM cell array having a plurality of cells, each of the cells storing information inputted through a corresponding one of a plurality of bit lines under a control of data inputted through a corresponding one of a plurality of word lines, column and row address detectors for detecting column and row addresses corresponding to a failed one of the cells in the ROM ce...

An optical disk having a diameter less than 140 mm and, a thickness of 1.2 mm+/-0.1 mm, with a plurality of record tracks having data recorded thereon as embossed pits representing information and exhibiting a track pitch in the range between 0.646 mu m and 1.05 mu m; with the tracks being divided into a lead-in area, a program area and a lead-out area. The data includes table of contents (TOC) ...

A system and method for providing on demand access to information related to a movie while the movie is being presented to a user, where the movie was generated from the movie related information, are described. The system operates by presenting the movie to the user, and then receiving from the user a query pertaining to the movie. The system determines a frame of the movie that was being present...

PCT No. PCT/EP91/01449 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 3, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 3, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. 1, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/02255 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 20, 1992.Conjugate of general formula 1: [A-O-W-Z]a-T1 wherein the moity A-O-is the residue of drug of formula A-O-H in which -O-H is a primary or secondary hydroxyl group; a is an integer of from 1 to 30; W is a group of general formula 2: 2...

Polyol polyesters can be made by a transesterification reaction of a polyol with a lower alkyl fatty acid ester. A by product of that reaction are the alcohols from the lower alkyl esters. These are usually removed from the transesterification reaction by inert gas stripping. The process herein links the transesterification reaction with a lower alkyl ester formation reaction. The transesterificat...

A pharmaceutical formulation comprises, in an amount effective to hydrate lung mucous secretions, a compound of Formula (I):whereinn is from 1 to 6;X is -OH or -SH;A and B are each independently selected from the group consisting of:wherein R is H or Br;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A method of hydrating mucous secretions in the lungs of a...

The novel substance E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and its corresponding iodovinyl derivative are gifted with specific antiviral activities towards herpes simplex virus. They may be synthesized by a condensation reaction followed by separation of anomers.

Unsaturated gasolines of both high mercaptan or hydrogen sulfide content and high gum-generator content are hydrogenated first over a palladium catalyst and then over a nickel catalyst. Resultant unsaturated gasolines are sweet and have low gum-generator content.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform backup/recovery operation in every block and to attain the locking of a small unit by outputting an address signal and a backup/ recovery control signal to perform a backup process after the data stored in a volatile memory block of a double plane nonvolatile memory means are updated. SOLUTION: An address signal and a backup/recovery control signal are outputted to...

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain the visual synchronization of multimedia parts in a simple way by securing the automatic synchronization among plural parts of a computer system by means of a single simultaneous tool and on the basis of the relative time. SOLUTION: A voice reproduction function parts 140 is dragged out of a bull pen 100 and dropped to a thumbnail area 114. The parts 140 is also dro...

There is disclosed herein a machine for performing nucleic acid amplification under computer control. The machine utilizes any one of a number of heating and cooling systems under control of a host computer which directs the heating and cooling systems to heat and cool a reaction-chamber-containing heat exchanger at appropriate times in the process. The reaction chambers are pre-loaded with the...