PURPOSE:To prevent speed change shock and blowup of engine by determining the target degree of opening of a throttle valve for obtainment of the desired output torque from predetermined relationship at the power sinking stage, and by putting the actual degree of opening of the throttle valve identical to the target degree of opening of the throttle valve. CONSTITUTION:The relationship between the ...

PURPOSE:To reduce shock at speed change regardless of vehicle operating condition by sensing the vehicle operating condition at the time of speed change, and by changing according thereto either of the control time and the controlled number of revolutions with respect to the engine. CONSTITUTION:At the time of shifting down on a transmission 6, the fundamental retention time corresponding to the s...

PURPOSE:To have mechanical setting of the optimum modulator range by controlling rotation of a shift cam mechanically with respect to the degree of accelerator opening between a sensor shoe and the shift cam side of a speed change ratio control valve. CONSTITUTION:In a stamping stage near full open of the accelerator, a modula tor cam 125 collides a stopper 124 to restrict rotation of a shift cam ...

PURPOSE:To prolong the life of a belt by using a common oil pressure source for the belt pinch force controlling hydraulic part and the F/N/R (forward/ neutral/rear) changeover controlling hydraulic part, and connecting the two oil hydraulic parts together with a proportional pressure valve or a check valve interposed. CONSTITUTION:When a selector valve 12 is operated in N F (neutral rear), the pr...

PURPOSE:To avoid the unnecessary shift-up of shift speed at time of a turning end by constituting a controller so as to continue the use of turning pattern till it comes to the specified driving state at time of the turning end. CONSTITUTION:At the time of transition from straight running to a turning state, a shift pattern is altered to a turning pattern from a normal pattern whereby the required...

PURPOSE:To set an automatic transmission to a shift characteristic suitable for a driver's travel demand by installing a shift characteristic select device which commands the selection of a first shift characteristic, shifting a main transmission only in the state that a transfer is kept in the specified shift speed, and a second shift characteristic, shifting the main transmission and the transfe...

Iron-chromium alloys, such as stainless steels, are made in a direct arc DC electric arc furnace with a bath of molten steel scrap in the hearth and functioning as the anode with the arcing electrode cathodic, while feeding chromium-oxide to the bath at the arc spot on the bath's surface under conditions causing reduction of the oxide and addition of chromium to the bath.

PURPOSE:To secure always stabilized driving regardless of load conditions by comparing an actual engine rpm with an optimum engine rpm corresponding to an accelerator travel and, when the former is smaller than the latter, changing a half-clutch target position toward a disengagement side. CONSTITUTION:A microprocessor 18 is actuated by a CPU 19 based on a program memory 20. Detected signals from ...

PURPOSE:To improve responsiveness and feeling especially at the time of kick- down by providing a drain circuit of a speed change ratio control valve for performing oil supply/discharge to/from a primary cylinder with a mechanism capable of changing discharged oil amount corresponding to accelerator openings. CONSTITUTION:When a vehicle is standing, a line pressure adjusted by an adjustment valve ...

PURPOSE:To obtain favorable drive feeling when compensating a input side target rpm of a continuously variable transmission to increase at the time a required output amount is below a specified value by performing the incremental compensation based on the driving condition of a vehicle before the required output amount is lowered below the specified value if acceleration is below a specified value...

PURPOSE:To change speed change characteristic according to the use purpose, driving condition, driving manner, etc. of a vehicle to that drive feeling and driveability are improved by providing a speed change characteristic developing means for developing any speed change characteristic of a continuously variable transmission according to operation by a user. CONSTITUTION:A speed change characteri...

PURPOSE:To secure a proper line oil pressure also at the time of a speed change in a device where a pressure control valve is feedback controlled according to the deviation of speed ratio by making it possible to change a coefficient of a control formula of the feedback control based on the changing ratio of the speed ratio of a continuously variable transmission. CONSTITUTION:Speed change ratio o...

PURPOSE:To certainly carry out change over, by working an actuator for advancing and backing until a front and back change over apparatus neutralizes running system when it is detected to return F or R non-stage gear change lever from speed increasing position to neutral position. CONSTITUTION:When speed changing means 21 are operated at a stroke from an advancing area F toward a backing area R, m...

PURPOSE:To enhance the maneuverability and the sense of driving, by giving the transmission torque of a car clutch, in the initial period of engagement in the condition of car stopping, a smaller value than the transmission torque in the initial period of engagement in the condition of car stopping. CONSTITUTION:In the initial speed of engagement in starting from the car stop condition, the transm...

PURPOSE:To abate the operating failure of back pressure controlling actuator by installing a device, judging whether it is at time of nonshifting or not, and another device, performing forced driving control over the back pressure controlling actuator when the present point of time is judged to be at the nonshifting time. CONSTITUTION:First of all, whether it is at the time of nonshifting or not i...

Improved gasoline compositions containing a minor amount of a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity at 100 DEG C from 2 to 20 centistokes, and optionally also an aliphatic polyamine, an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a succinic acid derivative, and/or a polyolefin; together with a concentrate for the production of such gasoline composition and a method of operating a spark-ignition engine usi...

A method and apparatus for grooving a tire tread in which a computerized numerical controller regulates the positional relationships between the tire and a hot cutting knife. The controller, through a plurality of servo motors, causes the tire to rotate in a vertical plane while effecting lateral and rotational movement of the cutter knife in each of two planes. During the cutting operation, the c...