For the synthesis of (8S)-8-fluoroerythromycins the corresponding 8,9-anhydroerythromycins 6,9-hemiketal are directly fluorinated with perchloryl fluoride.

PURPOSE:To make accurate tracking possible by cutting the intensity asymmetrical part of diffracted light to reduce the deviation of the phase of a tracking signal. CONSTITUTION:If the quantity of intercepted light of the luminous flux made incident on a focus detecting photodetector is 80%, a deviation of the phase of the tracking signal is generated because of asymmetry of the intensity distribu...

Rubber is recovered for re-use e.g. from scrap pneumatic tires by briefly raising a surface of the tire to a high temperature and then rasping the heat-treated surface. Tires reinforced either with a textile or a steel ply can first be parted on opposite sides of the breaker structure. A machine is provided which accepts pieces of vulcanized material and progressively reduces them to heat-treated ...

PURPOSE:To prevent the shortcircuit of wirings and the flow of the wirings by shifting the center of a semiconductor chip by half pitch from the external lead terminal of the true center, and shifting a bonding pad disposed at one side of the chip in the shifting direction to the vicinity of the opposed sides. CONSTITUTION:The center of a semiconductor chip 7 is shifted to the position displaced b...

Polyolefinic fibers having improved thermal bonding properties, containing from 0.01 to 5% by weight of dianhydride of the 3, 3', 4, 4' benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid or of an alkyl derivative thereof.

PURPOSE:To continue a proper control by replacing a sensor, if it is faulty, with other sensor in a controller for an internal-combustion engine or the like provided at least with two sensors replaced with each other. CONSTITUTION:If a pressure sensor 2 is defective with a pressure range of P0- P1, a troubleshooting circuit in a control circuit unit 5 troubleshoots the sensor 2 and replaces the se...

A carton bottom end tucker-tacker assembly for folding over, closing and tacking the bottom ends of a pair of cartons mounted on a pair of mandrels at a tucker-tacker station on a carton packaging machine. The tucker-tacker apparatus includes a tucker apparatus for engaging a pair of opposed triangular bottom end closure members on the bottom ends of each of a pair of stationary cartons and breaki...

Apparatus is disclosed for coupling the ends of two lengths of optical fiber in axiaily adjoining and aligned position, comprising two connector assemblies, each connector assembly (26) comprising a three-pin sub-assembly (32) comprising three like-size, substantially cylindrical, rigid pins extending parallel to each other in contiguous relationship, said pins having a diameter such that an inscr...

A filter bag for a filter system, comprising a number of parallel channels embodied by interconnecting, along parallel assembly lines distributed over pocket length, two opposite side walls of the pockets. The side walls meet at the open end of the pocket; a frame is introduced into each channel, the frame having two substantially parallel members which extend in a plane perpendicular to the main ...

PURPOSE:To provent a phenomenon that a wafer is damaged along a dicing line by altering the shape of a groove formed on a wafer attaching and detaching plate and the dispositions of through holes. CONSTITUTION:Spiral grooves are formed from the center toward the outside of a wafer attaching and detaching plate 2. Spiral grooves 21, 22, 23, 24 are so formed that a wafer 20 having smaller outer diam...