PURPOSE:To measure accurately displacement without enlarging a moving member, by fixing a plane mirror to the moving member, providing a fixed plane mirror opposed to said mirror, and measuring an interference of light which is led to between plane mirrors from the side and goes and returns between both the plane mirrors, and another light. CONSTITUTION:A horizontal polarized beam of frequency f1 ...

PURPOSE:To detect comfortable warmth capable of taking temperature, humidity, radiation into consideration by a single element, by providing a cover of a heating element which transmits the radiation heat to the heating element and decreases an air current, allowing the radiation coefficient of the surface of the heating element to coincide with the radiation coeffient from the surface of the huma...

A method and a device for measuring surface defects on metals is capable, according to the invention, of simultaneously detecting all the defects regardless of whether they are open or not open to the surface or are pit defects and of detecting the defects regardless of their direction of propagation. At the same time, the defects can be differentiated in terms of their properties. For this purpos...