Low alcohol or alcohol free, wine based beverage is prepared as follows:- A highly purified basic urine of neutral character is concentrated to half of its original volume under reduced pressure, below 50 deg.C. The original volume is restored using softened water. A must concentrate is added to regulate the sugar concentration in order not to exceed permitted alcohol levels at a second fermentati...

A tubular heat exchanger, for use in the mfr. of sulphuric acid to heat gases after a two-stage absorption by hot gas from the first conversion stage, is protected against premature corrosion by an attachment to the inlet for the cold gas. This attachment consists of a shell with tube plates, a nest of tubes and an inlet and outlet for hot gas.

Cotton wool is fed forward by a pair of cylinders, rotating intermittently. The cotton wool is cut into suitable lengths and pushed through a pair of filler tubes. Medicine containers are transferred to the filler tubes. In appts. the pair of cylinders are forced to operate by a mechanical linkage. Scissors are located behind the cylinders to cut the required lengths of cotton wool.

Damp cotton yarn is impregnated at 40-90 deg.C in 40-100 g/l NaOH soln. comprising a reductant, e.g. NaHSO3, NaHS or Na formaldehyde sulphoxilate and 0.5-5 g/l wetting agent. The reduced yarn is squeezed almost dry and washed with hot water. The remaining alkaline soln. is neutralised with HCl, H2SO4 or acetic acid and the recovered lignin is washed with water.

A method and a medium for blocking the inflow of mineralized and/or acid-containing water from water-bearing strata, and in particular from fissured or porous solid rock, into excavations or mine openings, comprises injecting a treating fluid into water-bearing horizons with overlying strata of cohesive material. The injection pressure is at least 0.2 MPa below the frac pressure of the water-beari...

In the method, the shape, material and speed of the needle are selected to prevent cutting of the fibrous material and to reduce needle wear.

One or more pipelines are laid on fixed and sliding supports or supported by hangers, in a reinforced concrete channel which forms a 'Faraday-cage'. The wall of this 'cage' is electrically insulated from the pipe supports. The outside surface of the pipes is covered with a water and heat resistant layer, with a specific electrical resistance of 1000 ohm/m2 100000 ohm.m2. Sacrificial anode protecti...